Erosion

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Erosion is the washing away of the topmost layer of the soil by water or wind. It is majorly caused by water or wind. Human activities can also cause erosion. These activities are carried out by man in other to get food, minerals, shelter, economic development and social changes. Erosion has negative impact on people and the environment.

There are five types of erosion namely:

1. Gully erosion

2. Contour erosion

3. Sheet erosion


4. Rill erosion

5. Splash erosion


Causes of Erosion

Erosion is mainly caused by the effects of water and wind.

Other causes of erosion are as a result of human activities. They include:

1. cutting down of trees i.e. deforestation

2. Road construction

3. Mining activities and oil drilling

4. Poor drainage system

5. Tillage activities to prepare the soil for planting

6. Localisation of industries, building of market places, shopping malls etc

7. Poor methods of waste disposal

8. Over grazing of farm lands by animals

9. Bush burning


Effects of Erosion

Erosion causes a lot of damages to the environment. Some of these damages include the following:

1. Washing away of asphalt on roads which leads to cracks and destruction of roads

2. Difficulties in transportation

3. Collapse of Building: Washing away of house foundations can lead to collapse of buildings and loss of lives.

4. Landslide: Big gullies at times make masses of land to cave in. This can lead to loss of lives and properties.

5. Loss of soil nutrients and fertility

6. Destruction of Agricultural land

7. Destruction of houses and properties

Control of Erosion

It is very important to stop erosion so as to protect the environment and also safeguard the lives of plants, animals and humans. In other to stop or control erosion the following actions should be taken.

1. Planting of trees which is called Afforestation

2. Construction of good Drainage

3. Planting trees in rows to act as wind break and prevent the force and speed of wind

4. Artificial creation of barriers against the slope. This is known as terracing

5. Planting of Cover Crops: such as cowpeas, potato, wheat etc

6. Government should legislate against

(i) felling of trees,

(ii) bush burning,

(iii) mining and drilling activities,

(iv) sand excavation

7. Disposing waste properly

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